We investigated the pharmacologic activities of four garlic preparations, raw garlic juice (RGJ), heated garlic juice (HGJ), dehydrated garlic powder (DGP) and aged garlic extract (AGE). The study used three animal models, i.e., testicular hypogonadism (hypospermatogensis and impotence) induced by warm water treatment, intoxication of acetaldehyde and growth of inoculated tumor cells. RGJ was found to be effective only in recovery of testicular function. The efficacy of HGJ was observed in three models; however, it did not improve impotence. DGP was effective in recovery of spermatogenesis and stimulated acetaldehyde detoxification. Significant beneficial effects of AGE were found in all three models. Although all four garlic preparations significantly enhanced natural killer (NK) and killer cell activities of the spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice, only AGE and HGJ inhibited the growth of inoculated tumor cells. These results suggest that different types of garlic preparations have different pharmacologic properties, and among the four garlic preparations studied, AGE could be the most useful garlic preparation.
Studies concerning cancer
- Aged garlic extract has chemopreventative effects on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats.
- Aged garlic extract has potential suppressive effect on colorectal adenomas in humans.
- Aged garlic extract inhibits angiogenesis and proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells.
- Aged garlic extract protects against methotrexate-induced apoptotic cell injury of IEC-6 cells.
- Attenuation of cell migration and induction of cell death by aged garlic extract in rat sarcoma cells.
- Garlic compound, diallyl disulfide induces cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer cell line PC-3.
- Garlic [Allium sativum]: a review of its potential use as an anti-cancer agent.
- Growth suppressing effect of garlic compound diallyl disulfide on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) in vitro.
- Suppressive effects of garlic extract on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils.
- The influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on interleukin 1alpha-induced expression of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
Garlic and physical fatigue
Studies about cholesterol
Studies concerning cardio
- Aged garlic extract enhances production of nitric oxide.
- Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease.
- Aged garlic extract improves homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction in macro- and microcirculation.
- Aged garlic extract maintains cardiovascular homeostasis in mice and rats.
- Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors: a dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions.
- Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract.
- Garlic reduces dementia and heart-disease risk.
- Historical perspective on garlic and cardiovascular disease.
- Homocysteine-lowering action is another potential cardiovascular protective factor of aged garlic extract.
Studies concerning blood pressure
AGE as antioxidant
Studies concerning Alzheimer´s disease
Other important studies
- Garlic extract and two diallyl sulphides inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in BALB/cA mice.
- Garlic extract for HIV?
- In vitro antimicrobial properties of aqueous garlic extract against multidrug-resistant bacteria and Candida species from Nigeria.
- Inhibitory effect of garlic extract on oral bacteria.
- Pharmacologic activities of aged garlic extract in comparison with other garlic preparations.
- The antihypertensive effect of garlic (Allium sativum) in the rat two-kidney--one-clip Goldblatt model.
- [New pharmacological activities of garlic and its constituents]
AGE as antibacterial agent
Studies concerning atherosclerotic dinase
- Aged garlic extract attenuates intracellular oxidative stress.
- Antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract: an in vitro study incorporating human low density lipoprotein.
- Daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, protects low density lipoprotein against in vitro oxidation.
- Garlic compounds minimize intracellular oxidative stress and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa b activation.
Studies regarding Garlic Tinctures
Pharmacologic activities of aged garlic extract in comparison with other garlic preparations.
Legend and abbreviations:
AS = Allium sativum
GE = garlic extract
AGE = aqueous garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract
AGE = aged garlic extractt
GEE = garlic ethanolic extract
GAE = garlic aqueous extract
FGE = fresh garlic extract
DADS = diallyl disulfide
SAC = S-allyl-L-cysteine
RG = unheated extract of raw garlic
HRG = heated extract of raw garlic
BG = extract of boiled garlic cloves
MG = extract of microwave-treated garlic cloves
RGJ = raw garlic juice
HGJ = heated garlic juice
DGP = dehydrated garlic powder
BGP = boiled garlic powder
AD = Alzheimer's disease
SBP = systolic blood pressure
PP = pulse pressure
BP = blood pressure
SBP = systolic blood pressure
RBC = red blood cells
ROS = reactive oxygen species
CAD = coronary artery disease
HGC = human gastric cancer
HBP = hamster buccal pouch
CRC = colorectal cancer
FACT = Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy
NK = natural killer
QOL = quality of life
TCC = transitional cell carcinoma
RTC = randomized controlled trial
HGH = human growth hormone
DTH = delayed type hypersensitivity
TRAP = tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity
MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration
AOP = antioxidant potential
MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
PC – 3 = prostate cancer cell line
MIC = minimum inhibitory concentrations
LDL = low density lipoprotein
PAEC = pulmonary artery endothelial cells
NSCLC = non small cell lung cancer cells
GC = gas chromatography
BCG = bacillus Calmette—Guérin
MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Kasuga S, Uda N, Kyo E, Ushijima M, Morihara N, Itakura Y.
Institute for OTC Research, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Company, Koda-cho, Takata-gun, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan.kasuga_s@wakunaga.co.jp
PMID: 11238821 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Links
Prevention of psychological stress-induced immune suppression by aged garlic extract. [Phytomedicine. 1999] PMID:11962538
Enhanced immunocompetence by garlic: role in bladder cancer and other malignancies. [J Nutr. 2001] PMID:11238818
Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. [J Nutr. 2001] PMID:11238796
Effects of garlic preparations on the gastrointestinal mucosa. [J Nutr. 2001] PMID:11238827
Aged garlic extract inhibits angiogenesis and proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells. [J Nutr. 2006] PMID:16484577