We determined the effect of Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) on damage caused to immune function by a psychological stress using a communication box. After four days of a psychological stress, a decrease in spleen weight and spleen cells was observed in the psychological stress-exposed mice as compared normal mice (non-stress). AGE significantly prevented the decreases in spleen weight and cells. Additionally, AGE significantly prevented the reduction of hemolytic plaque-forming-cells in spleen cells and anti-SRBC antibody titer in serum caused by this psychological stress. Moreover, a reduction in NK activities was observed in the psychological stress-exposed mice as compared with normal mice (non-stress), whereas NK activities in the AGE administered mice were almost the same as normal mice (non-stress). These results indicate that psychological stress qualitatively and quantitatively impairs immune function, and that AGE is extremely useful for preventing psychologically-induced damage.
Studies concerning cancer
- Aged garlic extract has chemopreventative effects on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats.
- Aged garlic extract has potential suppressive effect on colorectal adenomas in humans.
- Aged garlic extract inhibits angiogenesis and proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells.
- Aged garlic extract protects against methotrexate-induced apoptotic cell injury of IEC-6 cells.
- Attenuation of cell migration and induction of cell death by aged garlic extract in rat sarcoma cells.
- Garlic compound, diallyl disulfide induces cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer cell line PC-3.
- Garlic [Allium sativum]: a review of its potential use as an anti-cancer agent.
- Growth suppressing effect of garlic compound diallyl disulfide on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) in vitro.
- Suppressive effects of garlic extract on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils.
- The influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on interleukin 1alpha-induced expression of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
Garlic and physical fatigue
Studies about cholesterol
Studies concerning cardio
- Aged garlic extract enhances production of nitric oxide.
- Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease.
- Aged garlic extract improves homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction in macro- and microcirculation.
- Aged garlic extract maintains cardiovascular homeostasis in mice and rats.
- Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors: a dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions.
- Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract.
- Garlic reduces dementia and heart-disease risk.
- Historical perspective on garlic and cardiovascular disease.
- Homocysteine-lowering action is another potential cardiovascular protective factor of aged garlic extract.
Studies concerning blood pressure
AGE as antioxidant
Studies concerning Alzheimer´s disease
Other important studies
- Garlic extract and two diallyl sulphides inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in BALB/cA mice.
- Garlic extract for HIV?
- In vitro antimicrobial properties of aqueous garlic extract against multidrug-resistant bacteria and Candida species from Nigeria.
- Inhibitory effect of garlic extract on oral bacteria.
- Pharmacologic activities of aged garlic extract in comparison with other garlic preparations.
- The antihypertensive effect of garlic (Allium sativum) in the rat two-kidney--one-clip Goldblatt model.
- [New pharmacological activities of garlic and its constituents]
AGE as antibacterial agent
Studies concerning atherosclerotic dinase
- Aged garlic extract attenuates intracellular oxidative stress.
- Antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract: an in vitro study incorporating human low density lipoprotein.
- Daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, protects low density lipoprotein against in vitro oxidation.
- Garlic compounds minimize intracellular oxidative stress and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa b activation.
Studies regarding Garlic Tinctures
Prevention of psychological stress-induced immune suppression by aged garlic extract.
Legend and abbreviations:
AS = Allium sativum
GE = garlic extract
AGE = aqueous garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract
AGE = aged garlic extractt
GEE = garlic ethanolic extract
GAE = garlic aqueous extract
FGE = fresh garlic extract
DADS = diallyl disulfide
SAC = S-allyl-L-cysteine
RG = unheated extract of raw garlic
HRG = heated extract of raw garlic
BG = extract of boiled garlic cloves
MG = extract of microwave-treated garlic cloves
RGJ = raw garlic juice
HGJ = heated garlic juice
DGP = dehydrated garlic powder
BGP = boiled garlic powder
AD = Alzheimer's disease
SBP = systolic blood pressure
PP = pulse pressure
BP = blood pressure
SBP = systolic blood pressure
RBC = red blood cells
ROS = reactive oxygen species
CAD = coronary artery disease
HGC = human gastric cancer
HBP = hamster buccal pouch
CRC = colorectal cancer
FACT = Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy
NK = natural killer
QOL = quality of life
TCC = transitional cell carcinoma
RTC = randomized controlled trial
HGH = human growth hormone
DTH = delayed type hypersensitivity
TRAP = tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity
MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration
AOP = antioxidant potential
MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
PC – 3 = prostate cancer cell line
MIC = minimum inhibitory concentrations
LDL = low density lipoprotein
PAEC = pulmonary artery endothelial cells
NSCLC = non small cell lung cancer cells
GC = gas chromatography
BCG = bacillus Calmette—Guérin
MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Kyo E, Uda N, Ujishima M, Kasuga S, Itakura Y.
Pharmacology & Safety Assessment Laboratory of Healthcare Research Institute Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Taketa-gun, Hiroshima, Japan. XLT00713@niftyserve.or.jp
PMID: 12011982 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Links
Immunomodulatory effects of aged garlic extract. [J Nutr. 2001] PMID:11238820
Effect of electric foot shock and psychological stress on activities of murine splenic natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer receptors and mRNA transcripts for granzymes and perforin. [Stress. 2005] PMID:16019602
Pharmacologic activities of aged garlic extract in comparison with other garlic preparations. [J Nutr. 2001] PMID:11238821
Met-enkephalin modulates stress-induced alterations of the immune response in mice. [Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1996] PMID:8728569
Effect of the EGb 761 (Ginkgo bilboa extract) on primary immune response in experimental chronic stress. [Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 1995] PMID:9524674