Gastrointestinal toxicity is one of the most serious side effects of methotrexate (MTX) treatment. The side effects often disrupt the cancer chemotherapy. We previously reported that aged garlic extract (AGE) protects the small intestine of rats from MTX-induced damage. In this study, the protection of AGE against MTX-induced damage of IEC-6 cells originating from the rat jejunum crypt was investigated. MTX decreased the viability of IEC-6 cells, but this effect was prevented by AGE (0.5%). The MTX-induced apoptosis of IEC-6 cells was depressed by AGE. These results indicated that AGE protects IEC-6 cells from the MTX-induced damage. AGE may be useful in cancer chemotherapy with MTX because it reduces MTX-induced intestinal damage.
Studies concerning cancer
- Aged garlic extract has chemopreventative effects on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats.
- Aged garlic extract has potential suppressive effect on colorectal adenomas in humans.
- Aged garlic extract inhibits angiogenesis and proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells.
- Aged garlic extract protects against methotrexate-induced apoptotic cell injury of IEC-6 cells.
- Attenuation of cell migration and induction of cell death by aged garlic extract in rat sarcoma cells.
- Garlic compound, diallyl disulfide induces cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer cell line PC-3.
- Garlic [Allium sativum]: a review of its potential use as an anti-cancer agent.
- Growth suppressing effect of garlic compound diallyl disulfide on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) in vitro.
- Suppressive effects of garlic extract on Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in Mongolian gerbils.
- The influence of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on interleukin 1alpha-induced expression of endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
Garlic and physical fatigue
Studies about cholesterol
Studies concerning cardio
- Aged garlic extract enhances production of nitric oxide.
- Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease.
- Aged garlic extract improves homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction in macro- and microcirculation.
- Aged garlic extract maintains cardiovascular homeostasis in mice and rats.
- Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors: a dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions.
- Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract.
- Garlic reduces dementia and heart-disease risk.
- Historical perspective on garlic and cardiovascular disease.
- Homocysteine-lowering action is another potential cardiovascular protective factor of aged garlic extract.
Studies concerning blood pressure
AGE as antioxidant
Studies concerning Alzheimer´s disease
Other important studies
- Garlic extract and two diallyl sulphides inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in BALB/cA mice.
- Garlic extract for HIV?
- In vitro antimicrobial properties of aqueous garlic extract against multidrug-resistant bacteria and Candida species from Nigeria.
- Inhibitory effect of garlic extract on oral bacteria.
- Pharmacologic activities of aged garlic extract in comparison with other garlic preparations.
- The antihypertensive effect of garlic (Allium sativum) in the rat two-kidney--one-clip Goldblatt model.
- [New pharmacological activities of garlic and its constituents]
AGE as antibacterial agent
Studies concerning atherosclerotic dinase
- Aged garlic extract attenuates intracellular oxidative stress.
- Antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract: an in vitro study incorporating human low density lipoprotein.
- Daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, protects low density lipoprotein against in vitro oxidation.
- Garlic compounds minimize intracellular oxidative stress and inhibit nuclear factor-kappa b activation.
Studies regarding Garlic Tinctures
Aged garlic extract protects against methotrexate-induced apoptotic cell injury of IEC-6 cells.
Legend and abbreviations:
AS = Allium sativum
GE = garlic extract
AGE = aqueous garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract
AGE = aged garlic extractt
GEE = garlic ethanolic extract
GAE = garlic aqueous extract
FGE = fresh garlic extract
DADS = diallyl disulfide
SAC = S-allyl-L-cysteine
RG = unheated extract of raw garlic
HRG = heated extract of raw garlic
BG = extract of boiled garlic cloves
MG = extract of microwave-treated garlic cloves
RGJ = raw garlic juice
HGJ = heated garlic juice
DGP = dehydrated garlic powder
BGP = boiled garlic powder
AD = Alzheimer's disease
SBP = systolic blood pressure
PP = pulse pressure
BP = blood pressure
SBP = systolic blood pressure
RBC = red blood cells
ROS = reactive oxygen species
CAD = coronary artery disease
HGC = human gastric cancer
HBP = hamster buccal pouch
CRC = colorectal cancer
FACT = Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy
NK = natural killer
QOL = quality of life
TCC = transitional cell carcinoma
RTC = randomized controlled trial
HGH = human growth hormone
DTH = delayed type hypersensitivity
TRAP = tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity
MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration
AOP = antioxidant potential
MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
PC – 3 = prostate cancer cell line
MIC = minimum inhibitory concentrations
LDL = low density lipoprotein
PAEC = pulmonary artery endothelial cells
NSCLC = non small cell lung cancer cells
GC = gas chromatography
BCG = bacillus Calmette—Guérin
MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Horie T, Li T, Ito K, Sumi S, Fuwa T.
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan. horieto@p.chiba-u.ac.jp
PMID: 16484581 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related Links
Protective effect of aged garlic extract on the small intestinal damage of rats induced by methotrexate administration. [Planta Med. 1999] PMID:10483376
Effect of aged garlic extract against methotrexate-induced damage to the small intestine in rats. [Phytother Res. 2006] PMID:16619342
Alleviation by garlic of antitumor drug-induced damage to the intestine. [J Nutr. 2001] PMID:11238819
Antiapoptosis action of aged garlic extract (AGE) protects epithelial cells from methotrexate induced injury. [Gut. 2005] PMID:16284295
Protection of the Peyer's patch-associated crypt and villus epithelium against methotrexate-induced damage is based on its distinct regulation of proliferation. [J Pathol. 2002] PMID:12210064